Article Guidelines

ARTICLE TITLE

Title formatting: Times New Roman; 14 pt; bold; centered alignment; single-line spacing; ALL CAPS. The title should not exceed 100 characters, including spaces.

AUTHOR DETAILS

Stefan Vager
University "St. Kliment Ohridski" - Bitola, Republic of North Macedonia
ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000
E-mail: s.vager@uklo.edu.mk

Author details formatting: Times New Roman; 12 pt; centered alignment; single-line spacing.

ABSTRACT AND KEYWORDS

The abstract should contain between 150 and 200 words. It should include 5-7 keywords that enhance discoverability of the manuscript. The abstract should be written using concise and complete sentences and should always use the past tense, as it reports on completed research. The abstract should include:

  1. The research problem and objectives;
  2. The research methods;
  3. The key results or arguments;
  4. The conclusion and implications of the research.

Formatting: Times New Roman; 12 pt; justified alignment; single-line spacing.

Keywords: International Relations; Industry; Science; Medicine; Law

UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions; SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals

Note on SDG Mapping:
To streamline the peer-review process and enhance global research visibility, authors are highly encouraged to specify which United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) their manuscript aligns with. If applicable, authors should identify the relevant SDG number(s) and title(s) and place them immediately below the abstract and keywords in the manuscript file.

ARTICLE TEXT

The article text should be formatted in Times New Roman; 12 pt; justified alignment; 1.5 line spacing.

The submitted manuscript should contain at least 4,000 words and should not exceed 8,000 words, including references, except for scientific disciplines where word count requirements may not always be applicable (e.g., mathematics, physics, and related fields).

The manuscript should be written in a neutral style, concisely, and with correct orthography. Latin phrases should be written in italics.

Introduction

  • Background: Provide context and background information on the research topic.
  • Problem Statement: Clearly define the research problem or question.
  • Objective: Present the main objectives or hypotheses of the study.
  • Significance: Explain the importance and potential contribution of the research.

Literature Review

  • Previous Research: Summarize relevant studies and explain their relationship to the current research.
  • Gap in Knowledge: Identify gaps in existing literature addressed by the manuscript.

Methods

  • Study Design: Describe the overall research design.
  • Participants/Samples: Explain characteristics and selection criteria.
  • Materials and Instruments: Describe tools, instruments, or materials used.
  • Procedure: Explain the procedures and protocols followed.
  • Data Analysis: Describe analytical methods used to interpret the data.

Results

  • Findings: Present the main findings clearly and logically.
  • Tables and Figures: Include relevant tables, figures, and graphs where appropriate.
  • Statistical Significance: Report statistical significance where applicable.

Discussion

  • Interpretation: Explain the meaning and implications of the results.
  • Comparison: Compare findings with previous research and theoretical expectations.
  • Limitations: Discuss limitations of the study.
  • Future Research: Suggest possible directions for further research.

Conclusion

The conclusion should summarize the main findings and explain their broader significance. It should present the final arguments, discuss implications, address ambiguous findings where necessary, and recommend possible directions for future research.

The conclusion should:

  • Present the final statement on the issues examined in the article;
  • Summarize the main arguments and broader implications;
  • Demonstrate the importance of the research contribution;
  • Introduce possible new perspectives for future studies.

QUOTATIONS

Brief quotations (three lines or fewer) should be incorporated into the text using quotation marks. Longer quotations should be presented as indented quotations without quotation marks. All indented quotations should be formatted using single-line spacing.

CITATION STYLE

Authors should follow the Chicago Style (author-date system). Examples:

(Dahl 1989, 45); (Geddes 1999, 134-43); (Linz 1975).

All references should be provided in full at first mention. Subsequent citations may be abbreviated. Footnotes should be used only when necessary and should be kept to a minimum.

HEADINGS AND SUBHEADINGS

Times New Roman; 12 pt; bold.

TABLES

Tables should be formatted using Times New Roman; bold; size 10; left alignment; single-line spacing. Tables must be created in Microsoft Word, not Excel.

The table title should appear above the table. The source should be provided immediately after the title in parentheses:

(Source: Dahl 1989, 45)

FIGURES

Figures should be formatted using Times New Roman; bold; size 10; centered alignment; single-line spacing.

Authors must submit original electronic copies of figures used in the manuscript in TIFF, JPG, or PNG format. The figure title should appear below the figure. Tables and figures should be centered whenever possible. The source should be provided immediately after the figure title:

(Source: Dahl 1989, 45)

DATES

Dates should be written in the following format: 26 December 1981.

REFERENCES

Authors are encouraged to include references from diverse sources to promote a balanced and inclusive literature review.

The reference list should appear at the end of the article. Titles of works should be indicated in the language of publication and translated into English in square brackets [ ].

Each reference entry should begin with the author's surname and publication year. References should be arranged alphabetically by the author's surname.

For four or more authors, all authors should be listed in the reference list; in-text citations should include only the first author followed by et al.

Reference Examples

Articles:
Author's surname, Name. Year of publication. "Article Title". Journal of Science 8 (1): 229-4. DOI: XXX-XXX

Books:
Author's surname, Name. Year of publication. Book Title. Place of publication: Publisher.

Contributions in Edited Volumes:
Author's surname, Name. Year of publication. "Title", In: Editor's surname, Forename initials (ed./eds.) Compilation. Place of publication: Publisher, pages interval. DOI: XXX-XXX.

Electronic Documents:

  • Author's surname and initials or full name;
  • Title of the document;
  • Title of webpage;
  • Database name;
  • Page or section numbers, if available;
  • Format (online, CD-ROM, or electronic);
  • Year of publication or latest update date;
  • Internet address;
  • DOI.

Titles of books and journal titles should be italicized. Capitalization and punctuation should be consistent throughout the reference list.

When articles, books, or official documents are accessed online, references should include the full URL and access date.

Author's surname, Name. Year of publication. Book Title. Place of publication: Publisher, available at: URL (December 26, 2021).

Legislation: Acts and Regulations

Titles of legislation should be cited exactly as published, without changes to spelling or capitalization.

In-text citation:

Title of the Act Year
Title of the Act Year (abbreviation of jurisdiction)

References:

Title of the Act and Date of publication (abbreviation of jurisdiction).

Legislation should be included in the reference list in alphabetical order together with other sources.

Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) and Reference Verification

To ensure the highest standards of scholarly integrity, citation accuracy, transparency, and research discoverability, all manuscripts submitted from July 2026 onward must comply with the following reference management and citation requirements.

Authors are strongly encouraged to provide a valid and active Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for every reference in the reference list where a DOI is available. DOIs must be presented as complete, clickable URLs (e.g., https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx) and placed at the end of the relevant reference entry.

Authors are highly encouraged to use professional reference management software, including Zotero, Mendeley, EndNote, RefWorks, or other recognized citation management tools.

The journal conducts systematic reference verification procedures using Crossref Simple Text Query and other specialized verification systems to evaluate the authenticity, accuracy, completeness, and relevance of cited sources.

Manuscripts containing incorrect, unverifiable, fabricated, incomplete, duplicated, or inappropriate references will be returned to authors for correction before entering the peer-review process.